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15 Examining Unmet Needs in a Brain Injury Sample, Consisting of Various Races/Ethnicities, Referred to Resource Facilitation
- Kiriana P Parker, Patricia Garcia, Devan Parrott, Stephanie Crockett, Cori Conner, Kira Thomas
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- Journal:
- Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society / Volume 29 / Issue s1 / November 2023
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 21 December 2023, pp. 125-126
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Objective:
To investigate differences of the perceived unmet needs in a post-acute brain injury sample when referred to Resource Facilitation (RF) among various race/ethnic groups.
Participants and Methods:The methodology utilizied within this study consisted of a retrospective chart review, which was sourced from a clinical database serving chronic outpatients in the Midwest region. The main outcome measure was the Service of Unmet Needs & Service Use (SUNSU). The sample consisted of N = 455 subjects, which included a small sample size of Hispanics (N=7). Therefore, African American and Hispanic groups were combined for a total minority sample (N=84). Clinical disorders included within the study was an ABI from either stroke, anoxic injury, ruptured aneurysm, or tumor resection surgery. Eligibility criteria included participants’ admission into a RF program, a vocational goal, and a diagnosis of a moderate to severe TBI or other ABI. Lastly, key sociodemographic features included age, race, ethnicity, education, and sex.
Results:Significant differences were found between ethnic groups (white non-Hispanics and minority group) in terms of years of education (p=<.01). White non-Hispanics had higher education (M=13.39, SD=2.23), reported significantly more rural addresses (40.2%, p=<.01), and had private insurance coverage more frequently than the minority group (33.7%, p=<.01). The full model was statistically significant, R2=.077 = F(4,450) = 9.387, p<.0001; adjusted R2 = .069. The addition of ethnicity led to a statistically significant increase in R2 of .019, F(1,450) =9.025, p<.0005.
Conclusions:Ethnicity was found to be a predictive factor for greater unmet needs even after controlling for insurance, employment status, and urbanicity. It is currently unknown RF’s success rate in providing culturally competent services to different racial/ethnic groups, which consider factors such as primary language spoken, immigration status, and additional ethnocultural factors that could deter accurate reporting of unmet needs by minoritized groups. Future studies should investigate barriers in referring and meeting eligibility for this program and analyze post-treatment data to determine if the impact of racial, geographic, and insurance disparities is mitigated with RF treatment.
Deviations from a typical development of the cerebellum in youth are associated with psychopathology, executive functions and educational outcomes
- Marina S. Borges, Maurício S. Hoffmann, André Simioni, Luiza K. Axelrud, Danielle S. Teixeira, André Zugman, Andrea Jackowski, Pedro M. Pan, Rodrigo A. Bressan, Nadine Parker, Jurgen Germann, Patrícia P. Bado, Theodore D. Satterthwaite, Michael P. Milham, M. Mallar Chakravarty, Luis Augusto Paim Rohde, Eurípedes Constantino Miguel, Tomas Paus, Giovanni A. Salum
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- Journal:
- Psychological Medicine / Volume 53 / Issue 12 / September 2023
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 13 October 2022, pp. 5698-5708
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Background
Understanding deviations from typical brain development is a promising approach to comprehend pathophysiology in childhood and adolescence. We investigated if cerebellar volumes different than expected for age and sex could predict psychopathology, executive functions and academic achievement.
MethodsChildren and adolescents aged 6–17 years from the Brazilian High-Risk Cohort Study for Mental Conditions had their cerebellar volume estimated using Multiple Automatically Generated Templates from T1-weighted images at baseline (n = 677) and at 3-year follow-up (n = 447). Outcomes were assessed using the Child Behavior Checklist and standardized measures of executive functions and school achievement. Models of typically developing cerebellum were based on a subsample not exposed to risk factors and without mental-health conditions (n = 216). Deviations from this model were constructed for the remaining individuals (n = 461) and standardized variation from age and sex trajectory model was used to predict outcomes in cross-sectional, longitudinal and mediation analyses.
ResultsCerebellar volumes higher than expected for age and sex were associated with lower externalizing specific factor and higher executive functions. In a longitudinal analysis, deviations from typical development at baseline predicted inhibitory control at follow-up, and cerebellar deviation changes from baseline to follow-up predicted changes in reading and writing abilities. The association between deviations in cerebellar volume and academic achievement was mediated by inhibitory control.
ConclusionsDeviations in the cerebellar typical development are associated with outcomes in youth that have long-lasting consequences. This study highlights both the potential of typical developing models and the important role of the cerebellum in mental health, cognition and education.
Development and feasibility of a communication training to assist caregivers with advanced care planning
- Allison J. Applebaum, Rebecca Gebert, Mia Behrens, Morgan Loschiavo, Patricia A. Parker, Kelly M. Shaffer, Alan Carver, Eli L. Diamond
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- Journal:
- Palliative & Supportive Care / Volume 21 / Issue 2 / April 2023
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 14 September 2022, pp. 188-195
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Objective
Caregivers are critical in advanced care planning (ACP) discussions, which are difficult but necessary to carry out patients’ goals of care. We developed and evaluated the feasibility and acceptability of a communication training to equip caregivers of patients with malignant brain tumors with skills to navigate ACP conversations.
MethodCaregivers completed a 2-h virtual training addressing ACP Discussions with Your Loved One and ACP Discussions with the Medical Team. A pre-training assessment was completed at baseline and a training evaluation was completed one day post-training. A subset of participants completed semi-structured interviews 2 months post-training.
ResultsOf 15 caregivers recruited, 9 attended the training and 4 completed qualitative interviews. Post-training, 40% felt confident in discussing ACP with loved ones and 67% felt confident doing so with healthcare professionals; 100% reported feeling confident in using skills learned in the training to facilitate these conversations. Data from qualitative interviews highlighted additional benefits of the training in empathic communication skills and fostering social support.
Significance of resultsOur communication skills training shows promise in supporting caregivers’ skills and confidence in engaging in ACP discussions with patients and healthcare providers. A future randomized controlled trial with a larger and more diverse caregiving sample is needed to determine training efficacy.
550 - Caregiver Burden and Geriatric Patients Undergoing Electroconvulsive Therapy in the COVID-19 Era
- Valeriya Tsygankova, Maria A. Grullon, Bobbi Woolwine, Ashley Subler, Parker Schwab, Adriana Patricia
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- Journal:
- International Psychogeriatrics / Volume 33 / Issue S1 / October 2021
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 01 November 2021, p. 92
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Introduction
Caregivers are essential in providing valuable patient information to medical providers. With limited available research investigating caregiver burden among those caring for patients receiving ECT and the new life challenges presented by the COVID-19 pandemic, it is more important now than ever to take a closer look at the caregivers’ experiences.
MethodsEmory’s Wesley Woods Geriatric Hospital is one of the busiest ECT services in the country with around 2000 treatments completed every year. In this chart review, researchers are looking at caregivers’ responses to the Zarit Caregiver Burden Interview. This assessment includes 22 questions assessing the caregivers’ current emotional state in order to examine the impact of the patient’s condition on
caregiver wellbeing. The score ranges from 0 (no burden) to 88 (severe burden). Other objective assessments completed with ECT patients are BDI (Beck Depression Inventory), BDI Suicide, Sheehan Disability Scale, ECCA (Electrocompulsive Cognitive Assessment), GAD-7 (Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale), and CGI (Clinical Global Impression). The purpose of this chart review is to investigate whether the higher severity of depression in patients correlates with higher levels of caregiver burden and whether the pandemic contributed to caregiver burden.
ResultsThe Zarit Caregiver Burden Interview has been administered on twelve caregivers (n=12; 6 male and 6 female), all providing care for patients currently undergoing ECT for depressive symptoms. Out of the twelve caregivers, 66.6% reported little caregiver burden, 16.6% reported mild to moderate burden, and 16.6% reported moderate to severe burden. Additional patients are being interviewed in the ECT suite and further data collected will be presented at the 2021 IPA Virtual International Congress.
ConclusionAs the world adjusts to life in the COVID-19 era, caregivers face new challenges in providing care for vulnerable, at-risk populations. Caregivers of patients receiving ECT facilitate frequent COVID testing and limited visitation policies while continuing to provide care and emotional support to patients with advanced age and a mental illness. Administrating the Zarit Caregiver Burden Interview can help providers look at the degree of burden in caregivers of patients receiving ECT for depressive symptoms and provide better caregiving strategies during and post pandemic.
Addressing the quality of communication with older cancer patients with cognitive deficits: Development of a communication skills training module
- Beatriz Korc-Grodzicki, Yesne Alici, Christian Nelson, Koshy Alexander, Ruth Manna, Natalie Gangai, Megan J. Shen, Patricia A. Parker, Smita C. Banerjee
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- Journal:
- Palliative & Supportive Care / Volume 18 / Issue 4 / August 2020
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 16 April 2020, pp. 419-424
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Objective
Effective communication is an essential part of patient-centered care. The complexity of cancer care in older adults makes communication challenging, particularly when older patients have cognitive deficits and lose their autonomy. This paper describes the development, implementation, and evaluation of a communication skills training module for health care providers (HCPs) who work with older adults with cancer, with or at risk of developing cognitive deficits.
MethodUsing a pre-post single arm study design, 99 HCPs from a comprehensive cancer center in North-East USA, who worked primarily with geriatric patients, participated in the study. Participants included Advance Practice Providers (including Nurse Practitioners and Physician Assistants; n = 24, 24.2%); nurses (n = 23, 23.2%), social workers (n = 14, 14.1%), physicians (n = 13, 13.1%), and “other” HCPs (including occupational therapists, physical therapists, and psychologists; n = 20, 20.2%). The HCPs participated in a one-day geriatric communication skills training program in groups of 12–15 over a 2-year period. Participants complete pre-post surveys on module evaluation and perception of self-efficacy as well as pre-post video-recorded Standardized Patient Assessment (SPA) to evaluate communication skill uptake.
ResultsMost participants evaluated the module positively; over 90% indicated that they agreed or strongly agreed with five of the six module evaluation items. HCPs’ self-efficacy in communicating with cancer patients with cognitive deficits significantly increased from pre- to post-module training. There was a significant increase in the following communication skill use from pre- to post-training: checking patient preferences, declaring agenda, and inviting agenda.
Significance of resultsResults demonstrated a successful implementation of the program as evidenced through favorable program evaluation, significant gains in self-efficacy, as well as significant improvement in several communication skills.
13 - Communication Skills (Comskil) Training for Oncology Nurses to Improve Patient-Centered Care
- from Part IV - Support and Caregiving in Health and Relationships
- Edited by Jennifer A. Theiss, Rutgers University, New Jersey, Kathryn Greene, Rutgers University, New Jersey
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- Book:
- Contemporary Studies on Relationships, Health, and Wellness
- Published online:
- 09 November 2018
- Print publication:
- 29 November 2018, pp 266-288
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Comparative host–parasite population genetic structures: obligate fly ectoparasites on Galapagos seabirds
- IRIS I. LEVIN, PATRICIA G. PARKER
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- Journal:
- Parasitology / Volume 140 / Issue 9 / August 2013
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 10 May 2013, pp. 1061-1069
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Parasites often have shorter generation times and, in some cases, faster mutation rates than their hosts, which can lead to greater population differentiation in the parasite relative to the host. Here we present a population genetic study of two ectoparasitic flies, Olfersia spinifera and Olfersia aenescens compared with their respective bird hosts, great frigatebirds (Fregata minor) and Nazca boobies (Sula granti). Olfersia spinifera is the vector of a haemosporidian parasite, Haemoproteus iwa, which infects frigatebirds throughout their range. Interestingly, there is no genetic differentiation in the haemosporidian parasite across this range despite strong genetic differentiation between Galapagos frigatebirds and their non-Galapagos conspecifics. It is possible that the broad distribution of this one H. iwa lineage could be facilitated by movement of infected O. spinifera. Therefore, we predicted more gene flow in both fly species compared with the bird hosts. Mitochondrial DNA sequence data from three genes per species indicated that despite marked differences in the genetic structure of the bird hosts, gene flow was very high in both fly species. A likely explanation involves non-breeding movements of hosts, including movement of juveniles, and movement by adult birds whose breeding attempt has failed, although we cannot rule out the possibility that closely related host species may be involved.
Contributors
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- By Rose Teteki Abbey, K. C. Abraham, David Tuesday Adamo, LeRoy H. Aden, Efrain Agosto, Victor Aguilan, Gillian T. W. Ahlgren, Charanjit Kaur AjitSingh, Dorothy B E A Akoto, Giuseppe Alberigo, Daniel E. Albrecht, Ruth Albrecht, Daniel O. Aleshire, Urs Altermatt, Anand Amaladass, Michael Amaladoss, James N. Amanze, Lesley G. Anderson, Thomas C. Anderson, Victor Anderson, Hope S. Antone, María Pilar Aquino, Paula Arai, Victorio Araya Guillén, S. Wesley Ariarajah, Ellen T. Armour, Brett Gregory Armstrong, Atsuhiro Asano, Naim Stifan Ateek, Mahmoud Ayoub, John Alembillah Azumah, Mercedes L. García Bachmann, Irena Backus, J. Wayne Baker, Mieke Bal, Lewis V. Baldwin, William Barbieri, António Barbosa da Silva, David Basinger, Bolaji Olukemi Bateye, Oswald Bayer, Daniel H. Bays, Rosalie Beck, Nancy Elizabeth Bedford, Guy-Thomas Bedouelle, Chorbishop Seely Beggiani, Wolfgang Behringer, Christopher M. Bellitto, Byard Bennett, Harold V. Bennett, Teresa Berger, Miguel A. Bernad, Henley Bernard, Alan E. Bernstein, Jon L. Berquist, Johannes Beutler, Ana María Bidegain, Matthew P. Binkewicz, Jennifer Bird, Joseph Blenkinsopp, Dmytro Bondarenko, Paulo Bonfatti, Riet en Pim Bons-Storm, Jessica A. Boon, Marcus J. Borg, Mark Bosco, Peter C. Bouteneff, François Bovon, William D. Bowman, Paul S. Boyer, David Brakke, Richard E. Brantley, Marcus Braybrooke, Ian Breward, Ênio José da Costa Brito, Jewel Spears Brooker, Johannes Brosseder, Nicholas Canfield Read Brown, Robert F. Brown, Pamela K. Brubaker, Walter Brueggemann, Bishop Colin O. Buchanan, Stanley M. Burgess, Amy Nelson Burnett, J. Patout Burns, David B. Burrell, David Buttrick, James P. Byrd, Lavinia Byrne, Gerado Caetano, Marcos Caldas, Alkiviadis Calivas, William J. Callahan, Salvatore Calomino, Euan K. Cameron, William S. Campbell, Marcelo Ayres Camurça, Daniel F. Caner, Paul E. Capetz, Carlos F. Cardoza-Orlandi, Patrick W. Carey, Barbara Carvill, Hal Cauthron, Subhadra Mitra Channa, Mark D. Chapman, James H. Charlesworth, Kenneth R. Chase, Chen Zemin, Luciano Chianeque, Philip Chia Phin Yin, Francisca H. Chimhanda, Daniel Chiquete, John T. Chirban, Soobin Choi, Robert Choquette, Mita Choudhury, Gerald Christianson, John Chryssavgis, Sejong Chun, Esther Chung-Kim, Charles M. A. Clark, Elizabeth A. Clark, Sathianathan Clarke, Fred Cloud, John B. Cobb, W. Owen Cole, John A Coleman, John J. Collins, Sylvia Collins-Mayo, Paul K. Conkin, Beth A. Conklin, Sean Connolly, Demetrios J. Constantelos, Michael A. Conway, Paula M. Cooey, Austin Cooper, Michael L. Cooper-White, Pamela Cooper-White, L. William Countryman, Sérgio Coutinho, Pamela Couture, Shannon Craigo-Snell, James L. Crenshaw, David Crowner, Humberto Horacio Cucchetti, Lawrence S. Cunningham, Elizabeth Mason Currier, Emmanuel Cutrone, Mary L. Daniel, David D. Daniels, Robert Darden, Rolf Darge, Isaiah Dau, Jeffry C. Davis, Jane Dawson, Valentin Dedji, John W. de Gruchy, Paul DeHart, Wendy J. Deichmann Edwards, Miguel A. De La Torre, George E. Demacopoulos, Thomas de Mayo, Leah DeVun, Beatriz de Vasconcellos Dias, Dennis C. Dickerson, John M. Dillon, Luis Miguel Donatello, Igor Dorfmann-Lazarev, Susanna Drake, Jonathan A. Draper, N. Dreher Martin, Otto Dreydoppel, Angelyn Dries, A. J. Droge, Francis X. D'Sa, Marilyn Dunn, Nicole Wilkinson Duran, Rifaat Ebied, Mark J. Edwards, William H. Edwards, Leonard H. Ehrlich, Nancy L. Eiesland, Martin Elbel, J. Harold Ellens, Stephen Ellingson, Marvin M. Ellison, Robert Ellsberg, Jean Bethke Elshtain, Eldon Jay Epp, Peter C. Erb, Tassilo Erhardt, Maria Erling, Noel Leo Erskine, Gillian R. Evans, Virginia Fabella, Michael A. Fahey, Edward Farley, Margaret A. Farley, Wendy Farley, Robert Fastiggi, Seena Fazel, Duncan S. Ferguson, Helwar Figueroa, Paul Corby Finney, Kyriaki Karidoyanes FitzGerald, Thomas E. FitzGerald, John R. Fitzmier, Marie Therese Flanagan, Sabina Flanagan, Claude Flipo, Ronald B. Flowers, Carole Fontaine, David Ford, Mary Ford, Stephanie A. Ford, Jim Forest, William Franke, Robert M. Franklin, Ruth Franzén, Edward H. Friedman, Samuel Frouisou, Lorelei F. Fuchs, Jojo M. Fung, Inger Furseth, Richard R. Gaillardetz, Brandon Gallaher, China Galland, Mark Galli, Ismael García, Tharscisse Gatwa, Jean-Marie Gaudeul, Luis María Gavilanes del Castillo, Pavel L. Gavrilyuk, Volney P. Gay, Metropolitan Athanasios Geevargis, Kondothra M. George, Mary Gerhart, Simon Gikandi, Maurice Gilbert, Michael J. Gillgannon, Verónica Giménez Beliveau, Terryl Givens, Beth Glazier-McDonald, Philip Gleason, Menghun Goh, Brian Golding, Bishop Hilario M. Gomez, Michelle A. Gonzalez, Donald K. Gorrell, Roy Gottfried, Tamara Grdzelidze, Joel B. Green, Niels Henrik Gregersen, Cristina Grenholm, Herbert Griffiths, Eric W. Gritsch, Erich S. Gruen, Christoffer H. Grundmann, Paul H. Gundani, Jon P. Gunnemann, Petre Guran, Vidar L. Haanes, Jeremiah M. Hackett, Getatchew Haile, Douglas John Hall, Nicholas Hammond, Daphne Hampson, Jehu J. Hanciles, Barry Hankins, Jennifer Haraguchi, Stanley S. Harakas, Anthony John Harding, Conrad L. Harkins, J. William Harmless, Marjory Harper, Amir Harrak, Joel F. Harrington, Mark W. Harris, Susan Ashbrook Harvey, Van A. Harvey, R. Chris Hassel, Jione Havea, Daniel Hawk, Diana L. Hayes, Leslie Hayes, Priscilla Hayner, S. Mark Heim, Simo Heininen, Richard P. Heitzenrater, Eila Helander, David Hempton, Scott H. Hendrix, Jan-Olav Henriksen, Gina Hens-Piazza, Carter Heyward, Nicholas J. Higham, David Hilliard, Norman A. Hjelm, Peter C. Hodgson, Arthur Holder, M. Jan Holton, Dwight N. Hopkins, Ronnie Po-chia Hsia, Po-Ho Huang, James Hudnut-Beumler, Jennifer S. Hughes, Leonard M. Hummel, Mary E. Hunt, Laennec Hurbon, Mark Hutchinson, Susan E. Hylen, Mary Beth Ingham, H. Larry Ingle, Dale T. Irvin, Jon Isaak, Paul John Isaak, Ada María Isasi-Díaz, Hans Raun Iversen, Margaret C. Jacob, Arthur James, Maria Jansdotter-Samuelsson, David Jasper, Werner G. Jeanrond, Renée Jeffery, David Lyle Jeffrey, Theodore W. Jennings, David H. Jensen, Robin Margaret Jensen, David Jobling, Dale A. Johnson, Elizabeth A. Johnson, Maxwell E. Johnson, Sarah Johnson, Mark D. Johnston, F. Stanley Jones, James William Jones, John R. Jones, Alissa Jones Nelson, Inge Jonsson, Jan Joosten, Elizabeth Judd, Mulambya Peggy Kabonde, Robert Kaggwa, Sylvester Kahakwa, Isaac Kalimi, Ogbu U. Kalu, Eunice Kamaara, Wayne C. Kannaday, Musimbi Kanyoro, Veli-Matti Kärkkäinen, Frank Kaufmann, Léon Nguapitshi Kayongo, Richard Kearney, Alice A. Keefe, Ralph Keen, Catherine Keller, Anthony J. Kelly, Karen Kennelly, Kathi Lynn Kern, Fergus Kerr, Edward Kessler, George Kilcourse, Heup Young Kim, Kim Sung-Hae, Kim Yong-Bock, Kim Yung Suk, Richard King, Thomas M. King, Robert M. Kingdon, Ross Kinsler, Hans G. Kippenberg, Cheryl A. Kirk-Duggan, Clifton Kirkpatrick, Leonid Kishkovsky, Nadieszda Kizenko, Jeffrey Klaiber, Hans-Josef Klauck, Sidney Knight, Samuel Kobia, Robert Kolb, Karla Ann Koll, Heikki Kotila, Donald Kraybill, Philip D. W. Krey, Yves Krumenacker, Jeffrey Kah-Jin Kuan, Simanga R. Kumalo, Peter Kuzmic, Simon Shui-Man Kwan, Kwok Pui-lan, André LaCocque, Stephen E. Lahey, John Tsz Pang Lai, Emiel Lamberts, Armando Lampe, Craig Lampe, Beverly J. Lanzetta, Eve LaPlante, Lizette Larson-Miller, Ariel Bybee Laughton, Leonard Lawlor, Bentley Layton, Robin A. Leaver, Karen Lebacqz, Archie Chi Chung Lee, Marilyn J. Legge, Hervé LeGrand, D. L. LeMahieu, Raymond Lemieux, Bill J. Leonard, Ellen M. Leonard, Outi Leppä, Jean Lesaulnier, Nantawan Boonprasat Lewis, Henrietta Leyser, Alexei Lidov, Bernard Lightman, Paul Chang-Ha Lim, Carter Lindberg, Mark R. Lindsay, James R. Linville, James C. Livingston, Ann Loades, David Loades, Jean-Claude Loba-Mkole, Lo Lung Kwong, Wati Longchar, Eleazar López, David W. Lotz, Andrew Louth, Robin W. Lovin, William Luis, Frank D. Macchia, Diarmaid N. J. MacCulloch, Kirk R. MacGregor, Marjory A. MacLean, Donald MacLeod, Tomas S. Maddela, Inge Mager, Laurenti Magesa, David G. Maillu, Fortunato Mallimaci, Philip Mamalakis, Kä Mana, Ukachukwu Chris Manus, Herbert Robinson Marbury, Reuel Norman Marigza, Jacqueline Mariña, Antti Marjanen, Luiz C. L. Marques, Madipoane Masenya (ngwan'a Mphahlele), Caleb J. D. Maskell, Steve Mason, Thomas Massaro, Fernando Matamoros Ponce, András Máté-Tóth, Odair Pedroso Mateus, Dinis Matsolo, Fumitaka Matsuoka, John D'Arcy May, Yelena Mazour-Matusevich, Theodore Mbazumutima, John S. McClure, Christian McConnell, Lee Martin McDonald, Gary B. McGee, Thomas McGowan, Alister E. McGrath, Richard J. McGregor, John A. McGuckin, Maud Burnett McInerney, Elsie Anne McKee, Mary B. McKinley, James F. McMillan, Ernan McMullin, Kathleen E. McVey, M. Douglas Meeks, Monica Jyotsna Melanchthon, Ilie Melniciuc-Puica, Everett Mendoza, Raymond A. Mentzer, William W. Menzies, Ina Merdjanova, Franziska Metzger, Constant J. Mews, Marvin Meyer, Carol Meyers, Vasile Mihoc, Gunner Bjerg Mikkelsen, Maria Inêz de Castro Millen, Clyde Lee Miller, Bonnie J. Miller-McLemore, Alexander Mirkovic, Paul Misner, Nozomu Miyahira, R. W. L. Moberly, Gerald Moede, Aloo Osotsi Mojola, Sunanda Mongia, Rebeca Montemayor, James Moore, Roger E. Moore, Craig E. Morrison O.Carm, Jeffry H. Morrison, Keith Morrison, Wilson J. Moses, Tefetso Henry Mothibe, Mokgethi Motlhabi, Fulata Moyo, Henry Mugabe, Jesse Ndwiga Kanyua Mugambi, Peggy Mulambya-Kabonde, Robert Bruce Mullin, Pamela Mullins Reaves, Saskia Murk Jansen, Heleen L. Murre-Van den Berg, Augustine Musopole, Isaac M. T. Mwase, Philomena Mwaura, Cecilia Nahnfeldt, Anne Nasimiyu Wasike, Carmiña Navia Velasco, Thulani Ndlazi, Alexander Negrov, James B. Nelson, David G. Newcombe, Carol Newsom, Helen J. Nicholson, George W. E. Nickelsburg, Tatyana Nikolskaya, Damayanthi M. A. Niles, Bertil Nilsson, Nyambura Njoroge, Fidelis Nkomazana, Mary Beth Norton, Christian Nottmeier, Sonene Nyawo, Anthère Nzabatsinda, Edward T. Oakes, Gerald O'Collins, Daniel O'Connell, David W. Odell-Scott, Mercy Amba Oduyoye, Kathleen O'Grady, Oyeronke Olajubu, Thomas O'Loughlin, Dennis T. Olson, J. Steven O'Malley, Cephas N. Omenyo, Muriel Orevillo-Montenegro, César Augusto Ornellas Ramos, Agbonkhianmeghe E. Orobator, Kenan B. Osborne, Carolyn Osiek, Javier Otaola Montagne, Douglas F. Ottati, Anna May Say Pa, Irina Paert, Jerry G. Pankhurst, Aristotle Papanikolaou, Samuele F. Pardini, Stefano Parenti, Peter Paris, Sung Bae Park, Cristián G. Parker, Raquel Pastor, Joseph Pathrapankal, Daniel Patte, W. Brown Patterson, Clive Pearson, Keith F. Pecklers, Nancy Cardoso Pereira, David Horace Perkins, Pheme Perkins, Edward N. Peters, Rebecca Todd Peters, Bishop Yeznik Petrossian, Raymond Pfister, Peter C. Phan, Isabel Apawo Phiri, William S. F. Pickering, Derrick G. Pitard, William Elvis Plata, Zlatko Plese, John Plummer, James Newton Poling, Ronald Popivchak, Andrew Porter, Ute Possekel, James M. Powell, Enos Das Pradhan, Devadasan Premnath, Jaime Adrían Prieto Valladares, Anne Primavesi, Randall Prior, María Alicia Puente Lutteroth, Eduardo Guzmão Quadros, Albert Rabil, Laurent William Ramambason, Apolonio M. Ranche, Vololona Randriamanantena Andriamitandrina, Lawrence R. Rast, Paul L. Redditt, Adele Reinhartz, Rolf Rendtorff, Pål Repstad, James N. Rhodes, John K. Riches, Joerg Rieger, Sharon H. Ringe, Sandra Rios, Tyler Roberts, David M. Robinson, James M. Robinson, Joanne Maguire Robinson, Richard A. H. Robinson, Roy R. Robson, Jack B. Rogers, Maria Roginska, Sidney Rooy, Rev. Garnett Roper, Maria José Fontelas Rosado-Nunes, Andrew C. Ross, Stefan Rossbach, François Rossier, John D. Roth, John K. Roth, Phillip Rothwell, Richard E. Rubenstein, Rosemary Radford Ruether, Markku Ruotsila, John E. Rybolt, Risto Saarinen, John Saillant, Juan Sanchez, Wagner Lopes Sanchez, Hugo N. Santos, Gerhard Sauter, Gloria L. Schaab, Sandra M. Schneiders, Quentin J. Schultze, Fernando F. Segovia, Turid Karlsen Seim, Carsten Selch Jensen, Alan P. F. Sell, Frank C. Senn, Kent Davis Sensenig, Damían Setton, Bal Krishna Sharma, Carolyn J. Sharp, Thomas Sheehan, N. Gerald Shenk, Christian Sheppard, Charles Sherlock, Tabona Shoko, Walter B. Shurden, Marguerite Shuster, B. Mark Sietsema, Batara Sihombing, Neil Silberman, Clodomiro Siller, Samuel Silva-Gotay, Heikki Silvet, John K. Simmons, Hagith Sivan, James C. Skedros, Abraham Smith, Ashley A. Smith, Ted A. Smith, Daud Soesilo, Pia Søltoft, Choan-Seng (C. S.) Song, Kathryn Spink, Bryan Spinks, Eric O. Springsted, Nicolas Standaert, Brian Stanley, Glen H. Stassen, Karel Steenbrink, Stephen J. Stein, Andrea Sterk, Gregory E. Sterling, Columba Stewart, Jacques Stewart, Robert B. Stewart, Cynthia Stokes Brown, Ken Stone, Anne Stott, Elizabeth Stuart, Monya Stubbs, Marjorie Hewitt Suchocki, David Kwang-sun Suh, Scott W. Sunquist, Keith Suter, Douglas Sweeney, Charles H. Talbert, Shawqi N. Talia, Elsa Tamez, Joseph B. Tamney, Jonathan Y. Tan, Yak-Hwee Tan, Kathryn Tanner, Feiya Tao, Elizabeth S. Tapia, Aquiline Tarimo, Claire Taylor, Mark Lewis Taylor, Bishop Abba Samuel Wolde Tekestebirhan, Eugene TeSelle, M. Thomas Thangaraj, David R. Thomas, Andrew Thornley, Scott Thumma, Marcelo Timotheo da Costa, George E. “Tink” Tinker, Ola Tjørhom, Karen Jo Torjesen, Iain R. Torrance, Fernando Torres-Londoño, Archbishop Demetrios [Trakatellis], Marit Trelstad, Christine Trevett, Phyllis Trible, Johannes Tromp, Paul Turner, Robert G. Tuttle, Archbishop Desmond Tutu, Peter Tyler, Anders Tyrberg, Justin Ukpong, Javier Ulloa, Camillus Umoh, Kristi Upson-Saia, Martina Urban, Monica Uribe, Elochukwu Eugene Uzukwu, Richard Vaggione, Gabriel Vahanian, Paul Valliere, T. J. Van Bavel, Steven Vanderputten, Peter Van der Veer, Huub Van de Sandt, Louis Van Tongeren, Luke A. Veronis, Noel Villalba, Ramón Vinke, Tim Vivian, David Voas, Elena Volkova, Katharina von Kellenbach, Elina Vuola, Timothy Wadkins, Elaine M. Wainwright, Randi Jones Walker, Dewey D. Wallace, Jerry Walls, Michael J. Walsh, Philip Walters, Janet Walton, Jonathan L. Walton, Wang Xiaochao, Patricia A. Ward, David Harrington Watt, Herold D. Weiss, Laurence L. Welborn, Sharon D. Welch, Timothy Wengert, Traci C. West, Merold Westphal, David Wetherell, Barbara Wheeler, Carolinne White, Jean-Paul Wiest, Frans Wijsen, Terry L. Wilder, Felix Wilfred, Rebecca Wilkin, Daniel H. Williams, D. Newell Williams, Michael A. Williams, Vincent L. Wimbush, Gabriele Winkler, Anders Winroth, Lauri Emílio Wirth, James A. Wiseman, Ebba Witt-Brattström, Teofil Wojciechowski, John Wolffe, Kenman L. Wong, Wong Wai Ching, Linda Woodhead, Wendy M. Wright, Rose Wu, Keith E. Yandell, Gale A. Yee, Viktor Yelensky, Yeo Khiok-Khng, Gustav K. K. Yeung, Angela Yiu, Amos Yong, Yong Ting Jin, You Bin, Youhanna Nessim Youssef, Eliana Yunes, Robert Michael Zaller, Valarie H. Ziegler, Barbara Brown Zikmund, Joyce Ann Zimmerman, Aurora Zlotnik, Zhuo Xinping
- Edited by Daniel Patte, Vanderbilt University, Tennessee
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- Book:
- The Cambridge Dictionary of Christianity
- Published online:
- 05 August 2012
- Print publication:
- 20 September 2010, pp xi-xliv
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Staphylococcal infection in thoracic surgery: experience in a subdivided ward
- O. M. Lidwell, Sheila Polakoff, M. Patricia Jevons, M. T. Parker, R. A. Shooter, Valentine I. French, D. R. Dunkerley
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- Journal:
- Journal of Hygiene / Volume 64 / Issue 3 / September 1966
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 15 May 2009, pp. 321-337
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We studied the incidence of staphylococcal infection in a thoracic surgery ward which consisted of a number of separate rooms, and inquired whether the subdivision of the ward was responsible for the unusually low sepsis-rate.
The airborne dissemination of Staphylococcus aureus from one room to another appeared to be little less than that in an open ward; but the total number of Staph. aureus in the air was very low.
Most of the patients received prophylactic antibiotics. The nasal carrier-rate of Staph. aureus by patients fell greatly during their stay in the ward. There was a progressive disappearance of sensitive organisms and little acquisition of multiple-resistant organisms.
When there are urgent clinical grounds for the lavish use of antibiotics, the dangers appear to be reduced by effective segregation of the patients from each other.
CHAPTER 7 - Hysteron proteron: or the preposterous
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- By Patricia Parker, Stanford University
- Edited by Sylvia Adamson, University of Sheffield, Gavin Alexander, University of Cambridge, Katrin Ettenhuber, University of Cambridge
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- Book:
- Renaissance Figures of Speech
- Published online:
- 05 February 2014
- Print publication:
- 20 December 2007, pp 133-146
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Summary
Hysterologia, or Hysteron-Proteron, is a placing of that before, which should be after, and somethings after, which should be before …
Thomas Hall, Vindiciae literarum (1655)Hysteron-proteron … a speaking or doing praeposterously, putting the Cart before the horse.
Elisha Coles, An English Dictionary (1677)It is but an Hysteron Proteron, and preposterous conceit, to fancie wages before the work …
Henry More, Annotations (1682)In early-modern descriptions, hysteron proteron — from the Greek for hysteros (later or latter) placed first and protos (the former or first) put after or last — was inseparable from what was known as the ‘preposterous’, a reversal of ‘post’ for ‘pre’, behind for before, back for front, second for first, and end or sequel for beginning. Susenbrotus's influential description of this rhetorical figure, in 1540, for example, made it a synonym for praeposteratio, from posterus (after or behind) and prae (in front or before). In England, Puttenham used ‘Preposterous’ itself as his formal English equivalent for this Greek rhetorical term, ranging ‘Histeron proteron, or the Preposterous’ under ‘Figures Auricular working by disorder’, in a chapter devoted to the general category of Hiperbaton, or disorders of speech. Describing it as that particular form of ‘disordered speach, when ye misplace your words or clauses and set that before which should be behind, and e converso’, he remarks that ‘we call it in English proverbe, the cart before the horse’, and while ‘the Greeks call it Histeron proteron, we name it the Preposterous’.
Altering the Letter of Twelfth Night: ‘Some are born great’ and the Missing Signature
- Edited by Peter Holland, University of Notre Dame, Indiana
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- Book:
- Shakespeare Survey
- Published online:
- 28 March 2007
- Print publication:
- 12 October 2006, pp 49-62
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Some are become great, some atcheeues greatnesse, and some haue greatnesse thrust vppon em . . .
First FolioWe are all aware of passages from Shakespeare where the editorially emended text has become not only what is familiar but possibly also what is preferred or even beloved. One of the most famous and frequently cited is Theobald’s ‘a babled of green fields’ in the scene of Falstaff’s death in Henry V, a ‘babbled’ that in modern editions replaces the Folio’s ‘a Table of greene fields’ and the potential sexual allusion to backgammon and its ‘green fields’ that has recently been argued for these lines. What I want to consider here is a much less well-known case of editorial reconstruction, though of an equally familiar text – the letter of the Letter Scene in Twelfth Night, in which the famous formula starting with ‘some are born great’ appears nowhere in any of the Folio texts and the familiar ‘Fortunate-Unhappy’ signature does not appear until the eighteenth century, when it was created by Capell, and accorded its own separate line by Malone, the form in which we usually see it in modern editions.
My reason for foregrounding these influential emendations is that in the course of preparing a new Norton Critical Edition of Twelfth Night, I have found that the fact that neither of these appears in the Folio texts of the play came as a surprise not only to me but to other experienced Shakespearians. What I want, then, to do in what follows is to trace the historical process of their editorial creation, and to open up for discussion other possibilities for considering the Folio texts themselves, as well as ways of making the process of historical production more visible to readers.
Using parasites to infer host population history: a new rationale for parasite conservation
- Noah Kerness Whiteman, Patricia G. Parker
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- Journal:
- Animal Conservation forum / Volume 8 / Issue 2 / May 2005
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 28 April 2005, pp. 175-181
- Print publication:
- May 2005
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Only one of the 5000 extant louse species (Phthiraptera) and no species of flea (Siphonaptera), parasitic helminth (Platyhelminthes), parasitic nematode (Nemata), mite, or tick (Acari) is listed as threatened by the IUCN, despite impassioned pleas for parasite conservation beginning more than a decade ago. Although they should be conserved for their own sake, past arguments, highlighting the intrinsic and utilitarian value of parasites, have not translated into increased attention by scientists or conservation managers, at least by the standard of listing for protection. Here, the use of estimated genealogies and population genetic patterns of parasites to illuminate their hosts' evolutionary and demographic history is advocated. Parasite DNA generally evolves more rapidly than their hosts', which renders it an underexploited resource for conservation biologists, particularly in cases where the hosts' genealogy or degree of population genetic structure is difficult to measure directly. Moreover, parasite gene flow may occur during host dispersal irrespective of host gene flow, revealing host movement through space and time. Parasite ecology and evolution may thus become another tool for the management of endangered vertebrate populations. This will result in the recognition of new host records, parasite species and cryptic lineages, which will help lift the veil of ignorance with respect to parasite biodiversity.
(Peter) Quince: Love Potions, Carpenter’s Coigns and Athenian Weddings
- Edited by Peter Holland, University of Notre Dame, Indiana
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- Book:
- Shakespeare Survey
- Published online:
- 28 March 2007
- Print publication:
- 16 October 2003, pp 39-54
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We are used to telling our students that the name of Peter Quince in A Midsummer Night's Dream comes from carpenters' quoins or coigns, 'wedge-shaped blocks used for building purposes', at the 'corners' of houses or walls, appropriate for the carpenter who appears in a 'marriage play' concerned with constructing 'houses' of another kind. But rarely is anything said of the quince itself, though it was part of a rich network of associations with marriage, sexuality, and fruitful 'issue' in the period, as well as of multi-lingual connections and metamorphic spellings that conflated it with coigns, quoyns, sexual corners or coining, and the cunnus or 'queynte' its sound suggests.
Minsheu's Guide unto the Tongues (1617) situates the English 'Quince' within this suggestive interlingual network:
Quince, a kind of fruit, from French Coing . . . Italian Mela cotogna, pomo cotogno. Latin Malum cotoneum, cydonium, Malum canum . . . Malum Lanatum ['cottony' and 'wooly' apple], because of its wooly or downy covering. Greek melon kudonion, from Cydonia (a city in Crete), and lasiomelon ('wooly apple'), from lasios or hirsutus ('hairy' or 'rough with down') and melon, or Latin pomum ('apple'). Portuguese Marmelo. Spanish Membrillo, from membrum , . . . because of a certain similarity with the first pubic hairs of men and women.
Defects in the mRNA export factors Rat7p, Gle1p, Mex67p, and Rat8p cause hyperadenylation during 3′-end formation of nascent transcripts
- PATRICIA HILLEREN, ROY PARKER
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The biosynthesis and function of eukaryotic mRNAs requires a series of events including nuclear polyadenylation, transport to the cytoplasm, translation, and ultimately mRNA degradation. To identify the interrelationships between these events, we examined the synthesis and fate of mRNAs in several strains defective in mRNA export. Strains carrying lesions in RAT7, GLE1, MEX67, and RAT8, produce nascent transcripts carrying poly(A) tails roughly 30 residues longer than the nascent poly(A) tails observed in wild type. In the rat7-1, rat8-2, and mex67-5 strains, the hyperadenylated transcripts undergo a novel form of deadenylation to chase into a population with normal poly(A) tail lengths, which cofractionate with polysomes, undergo nonsense-mediated decay, and are degraded by the normal cytoplasmic decay machinery. This suggests a relationship between the mechanism of processing to a normal poly(A) tail length and the ability of these transcripts to proceed in their metabolism. These observations provide further support for the view that mRNA 3′-end formation and mRNA export are mechanistically coupled events.
mRNA surveillance in eukaryotes: Kinetic proofreading of proper translation termination as assessed by mRNP domain organization?
- PATRICIA HILLEREN, ROY PARKER
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In the last few years it has become clear that a conserved mRNA degradation system, referred to as mRNA surveillance, exists in eukaryotic cells to degrade aberrant mRNAs. This process plays an important role in checking that mRNAs have been properly synthesized and functions, at least in part, to increase the fidelity of gene expression by degrading aberrant mRNAs that, if translated, would produce truncated proteins. A critical issue is how normal and aberrant mRNAs are distinguished and how that distinction leads to differences in mRNA stability. Recent results suggest a model with three main points. First, mRNPs have a domain organization that is, in part, a reflection of the completion of nuclear pre-mRNA processing events. Second, the critical aspect of distinguishing a normal from an aberrant mRNA is the environment of the translation termination codon as determined by the organization of the mRNP domains. Third, the cell distinguishes proper from improper termination through an internal clock that is the rate of ATP hydrolysis by Upf1p. If termination is completed before ATP hydrolysis, the mRNA is protected from mRNA degradation. Conversely, if termination is slow, then ATP hydrolysis and a structural rearrangement occurs before termination is completed, which affects the fate of the terminating ribosome in a manner that fails to stabilize the mRNA. This proposed system of distinguishing normal from aberrant transcripts is similar to, but distinct from other systems of kinetic proofreading that affect the accuracy of other biogenic processes such as translation accuracy and spliceosome assembly.
8 - The role of innate motor patterns in ontogenetic and experiential development of intelligent use of sticks in cebus monkeys
- Edited by Sue Taylor Parker, Sonoma State University, California, Kathleen Rita Gibson, University of Texas, Houston
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- Book:
- 'Language' and Intelligence in Monkeys and Apes
- Published online:
- 11 May 2010
- Print publication:
- 28 September 1990, pp 219-244
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In particular cases there is as much difficulty in classifying certain actions as instinctive or rational, as there is in cases where the question lies between instinct and reflex action. And the explanation of this is, as already observed, that instinct passes into reason by imperceptible degrees; so that actions in the main instinctive are very commonly tempered with what Pierre Huber calls “a little dose of judgment or reason,” and vice versa. But here, again, the difficulty which attaches to the classification of particular actions has no reference to the validity of the distinctions between the two classes of actions; these are definite and precise.
– Romanes (1886, p. 16)Given that recent investigators have labeled a variety of behaviors in various birds and mammals as tool use (e.g., Alcock, 1972; Beck, 1980; Hall, 1963; Kortlandt & Kooij, 1962; van Lawick-Goodall, 1970), it is appropriate to establish our definition of “tool use.” We require that to qualify as a tool user, the animal must move a detached object for the purpose of changing the state and/or position of another object or a behavior (Beck, 1980; Parker & Gibson, 1977; van Lawick-Goodall, 1970). Furthermore, we require that to qualify as an intelligent tool user, the animal must understand that the detached object acts as a detached intermediary capable of displacing the goal object, and the animal must understand how to manipulate the object in relation to the physical constraints of the situation, as described later.
3 - Agrarian Class Structure and the Development of Capitalism: France and England Compared
- Edited by T. H. Aston, C. H. E. Philpin
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- Book:
- The Brenner Debate
- Published online:
- 27 October 2009
- Print publication:
- 03 October 1985, pp 79-90
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Robert Brenner's exposure of the weakness of traditional explanations for the pattern of economic development in late medieval and early modern Europe is welcome and effective. His insistence on the necessity to examine in comparative fashion the class structures of different European countries is also to be applauded. But in the process of making a number of important observations he so telescopes long-term economic trends that crucial stages in them are obscured, and his explanation for the contrasting developments in England and France in particular is open to serious doubt.
The core of his argument is that it was the failure of the English peasant to establish secure property rights which made possible the concentration of estates in the hands of capitalist landlords who leased them to capitalist tenant farmers, whereas in France the success of the French peasantry in establishing complete freedom was an insuperable barrier to economic progress. Both halves of this argument are suspect. As far as England is concerned, it is based on generalization and a reading “backwards” of economic history from the end of the seventeenth century; as far as France is concerned, the position of the peasantry is misunderstood.
Brenner has succumbed to the general unwillingness to believe that agricultural development could take place anywhere except on large farms which made large-scale capital investment possible and profitable. Any examination of the development of capitalist farming from the point of view of “large, consolidated holdings farmed on the basis of capital improvement with wage labour”, besides referring more to eighteenth-century developments, must necessarily concentrate on large landlords.